Drive system for a transportation system

ABSTRACT

A transport system including at least one guideway, at least one levitation generator, at least one lifting member, at least one drive generator, and at least one drive member is presented. The at least one guideway, at least one levitation generator, at least one lifting member, at least one drive generator, and at least one drive member can each be implemented with other systems. The at least one drive generator is configured to: generate a driving magnetic flux; move with a corresponding at least one drive member; and be driven relative to the at least one drive member by the driving magnetic flux. The at least one levitation generator can be configured to: generate a levitating magnetic flux; move within a corresponding at least one lifting member; and elevate above a rest position relative to the at least one lifting member in response to the levitating magnetic flux.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/102,723, filed Aug. 13, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/808,884 filed on Jul. 24, 2015, now U.S. Pat.No. 10,046,668, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/130,310 filed on Dec. 30, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,090,167, which isa National Stage Entry of International App. No. PCT/US2012/044273 filedJun. 26, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional App. No.61/571,561, filed Jun. 30, 2011, said applications are expresslyincorporated herein in their entirety.

FIELD

The subject matter herein is directed to drive and levitation systemsfor transportation systems.

BACKGROUND

Magnetic levitation systems have been designed in general as systemsthat levitate through the use of attraction or repulsion between twoobjects. These magnetic levitation systems are dependent upon thespacing of the two objects such that if the spacing of the two objectschanges, the forces produced by the magnets on each of the objectschange. Furthermore, in systems that implement magnetic levitation via atrack, for example on trains, requires that the track be very level.Thus, if the ground shifts over time because of weather or weight of thetrain and track, the track will have to be repaired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by wayof example only, with reference to the attached figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a transportsystem according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a transportsystem according to the present system in which the levitation systemand drive system are exposed for illustrative purposes;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a bogie and a guideway according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the bogie and guideway as illustrated inFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an inverted perspective view of a drive generator coupled to abogie according to an exemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of a drive generator accordingto an exemplary embodiment, wherein illustrative magnetic flux lines areshown;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of an exemplary drivegenerator and a portion of an exemplary drive member according to anexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is perspective view of a portion of an exemplary drive generatorwithin an exemplary drive member according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 is an elevational cross-section view of an exemplary drivegenerator, drive member, levitation generator, and levitation memberaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure asillustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 is an illustrative example of an elongate magnetic pole withinan exemplary levitation generator and the magnetic flux producedtherefrom interacting with an exemplary levitation member;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are illustrative examples of a levitation generatorand one or more elongate magnetic pole;

FIG. 12 is an another illustrative example of an alternative levitationgenerator and corresponding levitation member according to an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 13 is an illustrative example of the levitation generator andcorresponding levitation member of FIG. 12 wherein a first levitationgenerator is coupled to a second levitation generator by an articulationjoint;

FIG. 14 is an exemplary arrangement of a plurality of magnetic elementsis in an exemplary arrangement; and

FIG. 15 is an exemplary pi magnetic arrangement, which can beincorporated as a magnet in one or more of the arrangements as presentedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, referencenumerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicatecorresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe implementations described herein. However, those of ordinary skillin the art will understand that the implementations described herein canbe practiced without these specific details. In other instances,methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail soas not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. Also,the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of theimplementations described herein.

Several definitions that apply throughout this disclosure will now bepresented. The term “levitation” as used herein refers to the liftingand suspension of an object relative to another object in the absence ofmechanical contact between the objects. Another term is “levitationforce.” Levitation force is the force that provides for levitation. Inthis first sense, levitation force acts in a vertical direction (thedirection opposite the direction of gravity), but those skilled in theart will readily recognize that the same force may be used to move orposition two objects in a lateral direction or in some direction withboth vertical and lateral components. To generalize, the terms“levitation” and “levitation force” as used herein refer respectively tocontactless positioning and force between two objects in a directionsubstantially orthogonal to the primary direction of travel. A“levitation generator” is a device that is configured to generatemagnetic waves that interact with a lifting member to levitate themovable object with respect to the stationary object.

“Drive force” refers to the force required to accelerate, maintainmotion or decelerate one object with respect to another. As used herein“drive force” means a force substantially in line with the primarydirection of travel, effected without mechanical contact between the twoobjects. A “drive generator” is a device that is configured to generatemagnetic waves that interact with a drive member to drive the movableobject with respect to the stationary object.

Another term used herein is a “guideway.” A guideway is a device orstructure that provides for a path along which a car, vehicle, or bogiecan move along. A car refers to a device which is configured for travelalong the guideway. The car can be at least partially enclosed, entirelyenclosed or have only one surface upon which objects or persons can beplaced. The car can be coupled to a bogie which is in turn coupled tothe guideway. The bogie can be an integral component of the car or aseparate component to which the car can be coupled. A bogie as usedherein does not necessarily include wheels, but instead is configuredfor engagement with the guideway.

Another term used herein is “coupled.” Coupled can refer to the linkingor connection of two objects. The coupling can be direct or indirect. Anindirect coupling includes connecting two objects through one or moreintermediary objects. Coupling can also refer to electrical ormechanical connections. Coupling can also include magnetic linkingwithout physical contact.

Another term used herein is a “magnetic source.” A magnetic source isany material that naturally produces a magnetic field or can be inducedto generate a magnetic field. For example, a magnetic source can includea permanent magnet, an electromagnet, a superconductor, or the like.

The present disclosure presents a transport system that includes one ormore components as presented herein. The transport system can include aguideway for providing a path for a car to move along. The transportsystem can also include one or more drive generators that are configuredto provide a drive force. The transport system can also include one ormore levitation generators that are configured to provide a levitationforce. While the description presents a system of these components, eachof these components can be implemented with other systems or integratedinto systems where only one of the components is desired. For example,the levitation generator as presented herein can be integrated intoother systems. For example, the levitation generator can be implementedas part of a magnetic levitation train, a moving walkway, or anothersystem that includes one or more moving components. Similarly, the drivegenerator can be used in conjunction with other systems. For example,the drive generator can be implemented with traditional magneticlevitation systems. Likewise, the guideway can be modified to cooperatewith just a drive generator or just a levitation generator. Therefore,the components as described herein can be implemented singly or in asystem with one or more of the components presented herein.Additionally, a transport apparatus is presented herein which includesat least one levitation generator, at least one drive generator, atleast one lifting member, and at least one drive member.

While, in the embodiments presented herein, the lifting member does notgenerate a static magnetic flux, other embodiments can include a liftingmember that is configured to generate a static magnetic flux. Themagnetic flux can be generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets.

As presented herein, the present disclosure concerns a transportapparatus, a bogie, a levitation generator, a drive generator, aguideway, a transport system or some combination thereof.

As described herein, the levitation generator can be configured to lifta coupled vehicle in relation to a lifting member. The levitationgenerator can include: a shaped member configured to be magneticallycoupled with the lifting member. The shaped member can have at least oneelongate magnetic pole configured to generate a lifting flux field forintersecting at least a portion of the lifting member. The lifting fluxcan be dependent upon the motion of the at least one magnetic polesurface in a direction of travel and the angle of the at least onemagnetic pole surface relative to the direction of travel. The at leastone magnetic pole surface can include a plurality of magnetic sources.The produced lifting flux field can be independent of the relativeposition of the at least one levitation generator relative to thecorresponding at least one lifting member. The at least one elongatemagnetic pole can be oriented at an angle relative to the direction ofrelative motion of the at least one levitation generator to the at leastone lifting member, such that a lifting force component is generated ina direction normal to the direction of relative motion. The angle can bea predetermined angle based on a magnetic force versus normal velocityconstant K_(FN), the relative velocity between the at least onelevitation generator and the at least one lifting element, and thelifting force required. The angle can be a variable angle based onmagnetic force versus normal velocity constant K_(FN), the relativevelocity between the at least one levitation generator and the at leastone lifting element, and the lifting force required. The lifting forcecan be dependent upon a length of the at least one elongate magneticpole relative to a width and a height of the elongate magnetic pole,such that the lifting force increases as the length is greater ascompared to the width and height. The lifting force can be dependentupon the velocity of the elongate magnetic pole relative to the at leastone lifting member, wherein a higher velocity produces greater lift. Theat least one elongate magnetic pole can include a plurality of magneticelements arranged in a row. The at least one elongate magnetic pole caninclude two elongate magnetic poles and each of the two elongatemagnetic poles can include a plurality of magnetic elements arranged ina row.

Additionally, a drive generator is presented herein. The drive generatoris configured for driving a coupled bogie and/or vehicle/car. The drivegenerator can include: at least one substantially cylindrical member; aplurality of magnets located on the surface of the at least onesubstantially cylindrical member, wherein the plurality of magnets arearranged so as to form a helix; and a rotational motor for rotating theat least one substantially cylindrical member such that the rotation ofthe at least one substantially cylindrical member produces a helicallyvarying magnetic flux in the corresponding drive member so as to causethe drive generator to move in relation to the corresponding drivemember. The drive generator can include at least one resting drive wheelconfigured to contact the corresponding drive member when the speed ofthe drive generator is below a predetermined speed. Furthermore, thedrive generator can include at least one resting drive wheel and in oneexample the at least one resting drive wheel can be three resting drivewheels. The at least one resting drive wheel can be configured to becontrolled by a deployment driver so that the at least one resting drivewheel is flush with the cylindrical member in a driven state and extendsbeyond the cylindrical member in a low speed driven or non-driven state.The at least one substantially cylindrical member can be twosubstantially cylindrical members. The two substantially cylindricalmembers can be rotated by the same rotational motor but rotate inopposite directions. In at least one embodiment, an additionalrotational motor such that the rotational motor drives one of the twosubstantially cylindrical members and the additional rotation motor candrive the other one of the two substantially cylindrical members. Theplurality of magnets can be arranged in a plurality of rows. Theplurality of rows can be three rows. In yet another embodiment, theplurality of magnets can be arranged in a row such that two differentpoles are arranged on the outside of each portion of the respective row.The two different poles can be spaced apart by a predetermined distance.The two different poles can be coupled to a backing member. Theplurality of magnets can be arranged in at least one row and saidplurality of magnets are mounted to a backing member, such that thebacking member and plurality of magnets can be removed from thecylindrical member. The drive member can include an electrical armaturewith substantially helically wound polyphase electrical conductors. Theelectrical armature can be supplied with electrical currents to causerotational force on a corresponding one of the at least one drivegenerator. The electrical armature can be supplied with electricalcurrents to cause linear force a corresponding one of the at least onedrive generator. The rotation of a corresponding one of the at least onedrive generator causes electrical currents to flow within the armature.The linear motion of a corresponding one of the at least one drivegenerator can cause electrical currents to flow within the armature.Relative linear motion between the at least one substantiallycylindrical member and corresponding drive member can cause the at leastone substantially cylindrical member to rotate, and the at least onesubstantially cylindrical member can be coupled to an electricalgenerator, which can cause the electrical generator to rotate andproduce electrical power. The electrical generator can be agenerator-motor such that the generator and motor are the samecomponent.

Additionally, a guideway is presented. The guideway can include: atleast one lifting member; at least one drive member can be coupled tothe at least one lifting member by a guideway coupling member; the atleast one lifting member can be configured to receive a levitatingmagnetic flux generated by a corresponding at least one levitationgenerator; and the at least one drive member can be configured toreceive a driving magnetic flux generated by a corresponding at leastone drive generator. The at least one lifting member can include twolifting members. The at least two lifting members can be two tracks,each track having three sides. Each track can include a plurality ofsegments. The cross-section of each of the two tracks can besubstantially rectangular. The at least one drive member can besubstantially cylindrical in shape.

Additionally, a bogie is disclosed configured for cooperation with amating guideway including at least one drive member and at least onelifting member. The bogie can include: a support portion; at least onedrive generator can be coupled to the support portion, wherein the atleast one drive generator is configured to generate a driving magneticflux; at least one levitation generator can be coupled to the supportportion, such that the at least one levitation generator can beconfigured to generate a levitating magnetic flux; the at least onelevitation generator can be configured to move within a corresponding atleast one lifting member; the at least one drive generator can beconfigured to move within a corresponding at least one drive member; theat least one levitation generator can be configured to be elevated abovea rest position relative to the at least one lifting member in responseto the influence of the levitating magnetic flux from the levitationgenerator; the at least one drive generator can be configured to bedriven relative to the at least one drive member by the driving magneticflux from the at least one drive generator.

FIG. 1 illustrates a transport system 100 as presented herein. Thetransport system 100 includes a guideway 200 and a car 300. The car 300can be configured to hold one or more people. In other embodiments, thecar 300 can be configured to hold livestock, animals, or objects. Thecar 300 can be configured to hold between 1-6 people. The car 300 can becoupled to a bogie (not shown via car coupling rods 310. The transportsystem 100 as described herein can include one or more drive members andone or more levitation generator. In other embodiments, only a drivegenerator can be included with a different levitation generator. In yetanother embodiment, the one or more levitation generator can beimplemented without the drive generator as described herein.

The guideway 200 includes at least one drive member 520 and at least onelevitation member 420. As illustrated in FIG. 1, only a single drivemember 520 is present. The drive member 520 as illustrated issubstantially a cylindrical shape. The drive member 520 can have one ormore slots formed therein. The one or more slots formed in the drivemember 520 allow for lifting members to protrude therefrom.Additionally, the one or more slots can be configured to allow the drivegenerator that is configured to pass through the drive member 520 to becoupled to the car 300. The guideway 200, at least one drive member 520,and at least one levitation member 420 can be configured as segments.While the illustrated embodiment does not include segments, the segmentscan be made such that guideway 200 is assembled in segments includingthe components of the at least one drive member 520 and at least onelevitation member 420 already mounted therein. The segments of theguideway 200 and the at least one drive member 520 and at least onelevitation member 420 can be of different lengths. The guideway 200 canfurther be mounted within another structure. For example, the guideway200 can be mounted within a shell that is designed to protect theguideway 200 from weather, chemicals, intrusion, and other environmentalfactors.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary transport system100. The transport system. 100 is substantially the same as FIG. 1, butthe at least one drive generator 510 and the at least one levitationgenerator 410 are shown external to the guideway 200 for illustrativepurposes. As shown, there are two drive generators 510 and there areseven levitation generators 410, 430. The two drive generators 510include a front drive generator 512 and a rear drive generator 514. Thetwo drive generators 510 are coupled to respective drive motors 530 thatare configured to rotate the drive generator 510 to provide a drivingmagnetic flux. The respective drive motors 530 can be controlled via acontroller that includes one or more processors and one or more memorydevices. The controller can be configured to rotate only one of thedrive generators 510 and not the other drive generator 510. For examplethe front drive generator 512 can be made to rotate about its axis, butthe rear drive generator 514 can be held steady. In at least oneembodiment, the front drive generator 512 and the rear drive generator514 can be made to rotate in opposite directions, but the front drivegenerator 512 and rear drive generator 514 can supply motive force inthe same direction. The drive generators 510 can be coupled to the drivemotor 530 via drive generator coupling devices 540. The drive generatorcoupling device 540 can be configured to have a reduced drag profile asthey rotate. In yet other embodiments, one of which is illustratedherein, other components can be located within the drive generator 510.The drive motors 530 can be coupled to bogie 550.

The drive generators 510 can be configured to move within the drivemember 520. As shown, there are two drive generators 510 that movewithin a single drive member 520. In other embodiments, when more thanone drive generator 510 is implemented, each individual drive generator510 can move with a respective drive member 520. The front drivegenerator 512 is coupled to the rear drive generator 514 by a bogie 550.

The bogie 550 as illustrated can also be coupled to the car 300 via carcoupling rods 310. As illustrated there are two car coupling rods 310,in other embodiments a single car couple rod 310 can be implemented. Inyet other embodiments, more than two car coupling rods 310 can beimplemented.

The bogie 550 can be further coupled to the at least one levitationgenerator 410, 430. As shown, there are outboard levitation generators410 and inboard levitation generators 430. The outboard levitationgenerators 410 and in board levitation generators 430 can be configuredto operate in a similar way. The inboard levitation generators 430 canbe located closer to the centerline of the bogie 550 as compared withthe outboard levitation generators 410.

The levitation generators 410, 430 can be configured to generate alevitating magnetic flux. The levitating magnetic flux will be explainedin greater detail hereinbelow. The levitating magnetic flux can begenerated from one or more magnetic sources within the levitationgenerators 410, 430. The levitation generators 410, 430 cooperate withat least one lifting member 420 to lift the levitation generators 410,430 from a rest position to a levitated position. The levitated positionis in the direction of the levitation force generated by the at leastone levitation generator 410, 430. The magnetic sources 410, 430 can beconfigured to generate a lifting force in response to motion relative tothe respective one or more lifting members 420. In one embodiment suchas the one illustrated, there can be four outboard levitation generators410, namely a right front outboard levitation generator 412, a leftfront outboard levitation generator (not shown), a right rear outboardlevitation generator 416, and a left rear outboard levitation generator418. Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, the bogie 550 cancoupled to three inboard levitation generators 430, namely a frontinboard levitation generator 432, a middle inboard levitation generator434, and a rear inboard levitation generator 436. The inboard levitationgenerators 430 can be coupled to the bogie 550 via inboard couplers 440.The front inboard levitation generator 432 can be coupled to the bogie550 via a front inboard coupler 442. The middle inboard levitationgenerator 434 can be coupled to the bogie 550 via a middle inboardcoupler 444. The rear inboard levitation generator 436 can be coupled tothe bogie 550 via a rear inboard coupler 446.

When a plurality of levitation generators 410, 430 are implemented suchas illustrated, the levitation generators 410, 430 can be configured tobe controlled by a controller (not illustrated). The controller canadjust the lift forces that result from the levitating magnetic fluxgenerated by the levitation generators 410, 430. In other embodiments,the levitating magnetic flux generated by the levitation generators 410,430 can be a predetermined levitating magnetic flux. In at least oneembodiment, as will be explained in greater detail below, the levitationgenerators 410, 430 can include one or more magnetic sources eachproducing two elongate magnetic poles. The one or more magnetic sourcescan include a plurality of magnets.

While a plurality of levitation generators 410, 430 are illustrated, thepresent disclosure contemplates the implementation with a singlelevitation generator 410, 430. The single levitation generator 410, 430can either be positioned as an inboard levitation generator 430 oroutboard levitation generator 410.

As indicated above, the levitation generators can be configured toprovide a levitation force that is in directions other than againstgravity. In one example, one or more levitation generators 410, 430 canbe implemented as one or more steering generators 610. In theillustrated example, four steering generators 610 are included, namely afront right steering generator 612, a front left steering generator (notshown), a rear right steering generator 616, and a rear left steeringgenerator 618. The steering generators 610 operate similarly to thelevitation generators 410, 430 except the direction of the magnetic fluxis substantially at/oriented at a right angle to the flux generated bythe levitation generators 410, 430. The steering generators 610 areconfigured to generate a steering magnetic flux which pierces thesteering member 620. The steering member 620 cooperates with thesteering generator 610 in a similar way as the levitation generators 410interact with lifting members 420, but rotated at ninety-degrees. Whenboth levitation generators 410, 430 and steering generators 610 areused, the position of the bogie 550 and car 300 can be controlled usingthe steering generators 610. This results in improved handling andtracking characteristics as the guideway 200 shifts over time or as theguideway 200 has curves that the bogie 550 must navigate through.

While the illustrated embodiment, implemented seven levitationgenerators 410, 430, two drive generators 510, and four steeringgenerators 610, other embodiments can implement only one levitationgenerator 410, 430, a drive generator 510, or steering generator 610. Inyet other embodiments, a combination of one or more levitationgenerators 410, 430, drive generators 510, and/or steering generators610 can be implemented. Additionally, other embodiments can implementone or more levitation generators 410, 430, drive generators 510, and/orsteering generators 610 according to the remainder of the disclosurepresented herein.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate an alternative arrangement of a bogie 700, atleast one levitation generator 410, at least one lifting member 420, atleast one drive generator 510, at least one drive member 520, and aguideway 200. The direction of travel of the bogie 700 and its coupledcomponents are indicated. As illustrated, there are four lifting members420. In other embodiments, the number of lifting members can vary basedon the location of the levitation generators 410. As shown, there is anouter left lifting member 422, an inner left lifting member 424, aninner right lifting member 426, and an outer right lifting member 428.The outer left lifting member 422 and inner left lifting member 424 canform a track. Likewise, the inner right lifting member 426 and outerright lifting member 428 can form another track. Thus, as illustratedtwo tracks are formed by the lifting members 420. While two tracks areillustrated, the number of tracks can be one or more. For example, whenone track is implemented, the location of the track can be centered withrespect to the guideway 200. Additionally, other tracks can be formedsuch as three tracks. Additionally, while the tracks as illustrated areformed from two lifting members 420, the track can be formed from asingle lifting member 420. The tracks can be formed into segments suchthat the track is formed from a plurality of lifting members 420arranged sequentially.

The at least one levitation generator 410 can be coupled to the bogie700 via levitation generator couplers 740. While two levitationgenerator couplers 740 are illustrated, in at least one embodiment asingle levitation generator coupler 740 can be implemented. Thelevitation generator couplers 740 include mounting points 750 whichallow for variable positioning of the levitation generator 410 on thelevitation generator couplers 740. As illustrated, the levitationgenerator couplers 740 can be configured such that there are twolevitation generator couplers 740 for each levitation generator 410. Inother embodiments, a single levitation generator coupler 740 can couplethe levitation generator 410 to the bogie 700. In yet other embodiments,more than two levitation generator couplers 740 can be implemented tocouple the levitation generator 410 to the bogie 700. For example, threeor four levitation generator couplers 740 can be implemented. When morethan one levitation generator coupler 740 is implemented for eachlevitation generator 410, the angle of the levitation generator 410 canbe changed relative to the direction of travel. In at least oneembodiment, the angle of the levitation generator 410 can be controlledvia a controller that includes at least one processor and/or memory. Thecontroller can be controlled remotely or based upon loadingcharacteristics of the car or desired speed including congestion on theguideway.

In the embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4, other angle adjustmentmechanisms 770 can be implemented to control the angle of the levitationgenerator 410. As illustrated, there are four angle adjustmentmechanisms 770, namely a front right angle adjustment mechanism 778, afront left angle adjustment mechanism 776, a rear right angle adjustmentmechanism 774, and a rear left angle adjustment mechanism 772. Each ofthe angle adjustment mechanisms 770 are coupled to the bogie 700 at oneportion 780 and coupled to one of the levitation generators 410 atanother portion 782. The angle adjustment mechanism 770 can be athreaded coupler, for example a screw, a machine threaded coupler, orthe like. In at least one embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanisms770 can be controlled by a controller and servo motors. Other controlmechanisms can also be implemented. In yet other embodiments, the angleadjustment mechanisms 770 can be maintain preset angles for thelevitation generators 410. The angle of the levitation generator 410 andthe properties associated therewith will be described hereinbelow. Thecontrol mechanism can be powered from the at least one energy storagedevice 800.

As illustrated, the bogie 700 includes at least one energy storagedevice 800. As illustrated there are two energy storage devices 800, aright energy storage device 810 and a left energy storage device 812.The energy storage device 800 can be in the form of a battery, acapacitor, or similar storage device. The energy storage device 800 canbe used to store energy on the bogie 700 in case electrical connectionbetween the bogie 700 and an external energy supply is temporarilydisabled. Other configurations of energy storage devices 800 are alsocontemplated herein. For example, each levitation generator 410 can haveits own individual energy storage device 800. Alternatively, a singleenergy storage device 800 can be provided on the bogie 700. In yet otherembodiments, there can be no energy storage device 800 located on thebogie 700.

The drive generator 510 can be coupled to the bogie 700. The drivegenerator 510 can be coupled via a drive generator coupler 760 to thebogie 700. The bogie 700 has a top surface 710 which is oppose to thedrive generator 510. The energy storage devices 800 can be mounted tothe top surface 710. Additionally, the top surface 710 includes supportpieces 720, 730 which are designed to strengthen and reinforce the topsurface in the region around the drive generator coupler 760.Furthermore, the support pieces can be configured to allow for mountingof the drive generator coupler 760.

When the bogie 700 is operating at low speeds, the levitation forcesgenerated by the levitation generators 410 can be too small to lift thebogie 700 from the guideway 200. One or more wheels 450 can beimplemented to prevent the levitation generators 410 and drive generator510 of the bogie 700 from contacting on the guideway 200. Asillustrated, at least one wheel 450 for contacting a portion of theguideway 200 in the event that levitation forces are not enough to liftthe wheel 450 from contacting the portion of the guideway 200. Asillustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, eight wheels 450 are implemented. Each ofthe eight wheels 450 is configured to contact a portion of a respectiveone of the lifting member 420. In other embodiments, the at least onewheel 450 can include at least two wheels. In another embodiment, the atleast one wheel can include at least four wheels. As illustrated, the atleast one wheel 450 is coupled to at least one levitation generator 410.

In other embodiments, such as the one shown in FIG. 5, wheels 452 can becoupled to the bogie 700 and contact another portion of the guideway200. For example, the wheels 452 can be configured to contact the drivemember support portion 250 of the guideway 200 (see FIG. 3). Thesewheels 452 can be implemented in addition to the wheels 450 as describedabove or in place of the wheels 450. While wheels have been describedherein other configurations can make use of other mechanisms designed toallow two components to move in relation to one another while reducingthe frictional forces therebetween. For example, this can includespecially coated surfaces, bearing surfaces, rolling members and thelike.

Each of the at least one drive generators motors (not shown) can becoupled to one of the at least one energy storage device 800. Asdescribed above, the levitation generators as described herein canoperate without the need for electrical power; however in at least oneembodiment, each of the at least one levitation generator can be coupledto one of the at least one energy storage device 800. When thelevitation generators are coupled to the energy storage device 812 thelevitation generators can be configured to provide a lifting force whenthe levitation generators are not moving with respect to the liftingmembers. The addition of the ability generate levitation forces when thelevitation generator is stationary or moving at speeds below which thelifting force generated is not substantial enough can allow for theelimination or at least a reduction in the robustness of the drivingsupport wheels that are described herein. In at least one embodiment,the levitation generators can be configured to receive power when thespeed of the bogie is below a predetermined value, such that anadditional levitational force can be generated at low speeds so as toprevent the bogie from contacting the guideway.

FIG. 5 is an inverted perspective view (from the bottom of the bogie700) of a drive generator 510 coupled to a bogie 700 according to anexemplary embodiment. The drive generator 510 can be coupled to thebogie 700 via a drive coupler 511. As illustrated, the drive generator510 includes at least one substantially cylindrical member 572. Aplurality of a plurality of magnets 910 are located on the surface ofthe at least one substantially cylindrical member 572. In theillustrated embodiment, the plurality of magnets 910 are arranged so asto form a helix. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of magnets910 are arranged in a plurality of rows 920, 922, 924 with one pole 912,914 on each side of the row 920, 922, 924. For example on the firstcylindrical member 572, there are three rows of magnets 920, 922, 924,namely a first row 920, a second row 922, and a third row 924. Likewise,the second cylindrical member 574 includes a plurality of magnets 910arranged in three rows 930, 932, 934, namely a first row 930, a secondrow 932, and a third row 934. The two different poles can be spacedapart by a predetermined distance. The two different poles can becoupled to a backing member. For example, see the arrangement of magnetsand backing member as illustrated in FIG. 14. In at least oneembodiment, the plurality of magnets 910 are arranged in at least onerow and the plurality of magnets 910 are mounted to a backing member,such that the backing member and plurality of magnets 910 can be removedfrom the cylindrical member 572. The first cylindrical member has alength 571, and the second cylindrical member has a length 573. In theillustrated embodiment, the lengths 571 and 573 are substantially thesame.

When the drive generator 510 is powered by the motor 530 and causingmotion of the bogie 700, the drive generator 510 centers itself withinthe drive member 520. However, at low speeds, at stationary conditions,when the drive generator 510 is starting or stopping motion, the drivingmagnetic flux generated can be less than required to center the drivegenerator 510 within the driving member 520. In order to prevent damageto system and especially to the drive generator 510 during thesituations where the driving magnetic flux is below what is necessary tocenter the drive generator 510, the drive generator 510 can also includea self-centering mechanism 580. The self-centering mechanism 580 allowsthe drive generator 510 to be centered within the drive member (notshown). The self-centering mechanism 580 can include one or more restingdrive wheels 582 that are coupled to the drive generator 510 via wheelcouplers 584. Additionally, the distance the resting drive wheels 582protrude beyond the outer surface of the cylinders 572, 574 can beadjusted by wheel adjustment mechanism 586. By having the resting drivewheels 582 extend just beyond the outer surface of the cylinders 572,574, the drive generator 510 can move within drive member 520 withoutthe resting drive wheels 582 excessively touching the drive member 520.The self-centering mechanism 580 prevents the cylinders 572, 574 fromcontacting the drive member 520 at low speeds and in conditions wherethe drive generator might be positioned too close to the drive member520. As illustrated, there are three resting drive wheels 582. In atleast one embodiment, at least one resting drive wheel 582 is configuredto contact the corresponding drive member 520 when the speed of thedrive generator 510 is below a predetermined speed. In at least oneembodiment, the at least one resting drive wheel 582 is configured to becontrolled by a deployment driver so that the at least one resting drivewheel 582 is flush with the cylindrical member 572, 574 in a drivenstate and extends beyond the cylindrical member 572, 574 in a low speeddriven or non-driven state. In at least one embodiment, the restingdrive wheels 582 are non-powered wheels such that they are configuredfor rolling only. In yet other embodiments, the drive wheels can bepowered to provide some assistance when the drive generator 510 isoperating at low speeds or starting from a stop.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of a drive generator 510according to an exemplary embodiment. The plurality of magnets 910 arearranged as in FIG. 5, but the labels have been omitted for clarity. Inthe illustration of FIG. 6, illustrative magnetic flux lines 1002 areshown. As shown, a rotational motor 530 for rotating the at least onesubstantially cylindrical member 572, 574 such that the rotation 1042,1044 of the at least one substantially cylindrical member 572, 574produces a helically varying magnetic flux in the corresponding drivemember 520 so as to cause the drive generator 510 to move in relation tothe corresponding drive member 520. When two substantially cylindricalmembers 572, 574 are provided such as in FIG. 6, each substantiallycylindrical member 572, 574 can be coupled to a respective rotationalmotor 530, so that the substantially cylindrical member 572, 574 isrotated. In another embodiment, the two substantially cylindricalmembers 572, 574 can be rotated by the same rotational motor. In theillustrated example, each of the two substantially cylindrical members572, 574 is rotated in a direction opposite to the other. In otherembodiments, the two substantially cylindrical members can be rotated inthe same direction. The motion of the drive generator 510 in relation tothe drive member 520 is illustrated in FIG. 8.

The drive generator 510 can also be configured to slow motion down. Inat least one embodiment, relative substantially linear motion betweenthe at least one substantially cylindrical member 572, 574 of the drivegenerator 510 and corresponding drive member 520 can cause the at leastone substantially cylindrical member 572, 574 to rotate. As indicatedabove, the rotation of the at least one substantially cylindrical member572, 574 can cause substantially linear motion of the drive generator510 relative to the drive member 520. The rotation of the at least onesubstantially cylindrical member 572, 574 can be caused by the motor530. In at least one embodiment, the at least one substantiallycylindrical member 572, 574 can be coupled to an electrical generator.The electrical generator rotates and produces electrical power in orderto slow the substantially linear motion of the at least onesubstantially cylindrical member 572, 574 relative to the drive member520. In at least one embodiment the motor 530 can also be configured asthe electrical generator such that the motor 530 generates a rotationalforce to be applied on the drive generator 510 when powered, andoperates as an electrical generator when no power is supplied to themotor 530.

Alternatively, the at least one drive generator 510 can include aportion that has a magnetic pole that is curved so as to form a helix.The magnetic pole can be formed on the exterior of the drive generator510 such that it forms a portion of the exterior of one of the at leastone drive generators 510. The at least one drive generator 510 can beconfigured to rotate relative to a respective one of said at least onedrive member 520. The rotation of the portion of the at least one drivegenerator 510 induces an eddy current in the respective one of said atleast one drive member 520.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of portion of an exemplary drive generator510 and a portion of an exemplary drive member 521 according to anexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In the illustratedexample, the drive member 521 can include an electrical armature 523with substantially helically wound polyphase electrical conductors 525.The electrical armature 523 can be supplied with electrical currents tocause rotational force on a corresponding one of the at least one drivegenerator 510. The electrical armature 523 can be supplied withelectrical currents to cause a linear force a corresponding one of theat least one drive generator 510. The rotation of a corresponding one ofthe at least one drive generators 510 causes electrical currents to flowwithin the armature 523. Linear motion of a corresponding one of the atleast one drive generators 510 causes electrical currents to flow withinthe armature 523.

FIG. 8 illustrates a drive member 510 situated within a drive member520. As illustrated the drive member moves from left to right (see arrow891). The motion of the drive member 510 in relation to the drive member520 is caused by the rotation of the drive member in the direction asillustrated by arrow 893. The rotation of the drive generator 510 can bein response to the motion imparted from the drive motor (not shown).

FIG. 9 is an elevational cross-section view of an exemplary drivegenerator 510, drive member 520, levitation generator 410, andlevitation member 420 according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

The drive generator 510 is illustrated within a drive member 520. Thedrive generator 510 can be coupled to a self-centering mechanism 580 asdescribed above. The self-centering mechanism 580 can include one ormore resting drive wheels 582. As illustrated, there are three restingdrive wheels 582. The resting drive wheels 582 allow for the drivegenerator 510 to be protected from touching the inside of the drivemember 520 during operation, including low and high speeds. While wheelshave been described herein other configurations can make use of othermechanisms designed to allow two components to move in relation to oneanother while reducing the frictional forces therebetween. For example,this can include specially coated surfaces, bearing surfaces, rollingmembers and the like. The drive generator 510 can be coupled to thebogie (not shown) via drive generator coupler 760.

The drive member 520 can be coupled to a drive member support 240. In atleast one embodiment, the drive member 520 can float on the drive membersupport 240 so as to allow for expansion of the drive member 520 in anaxial direction so to prevent buildup of stress. The drive membersupport 240 can in turn be coupled to the guideway support 250. Theguideway support 250 can in turn be coupled to one or more liftingmembers 420 via guideway support couplers 423.

As illustrated, a levitation generator 410 is illustrated on the lefthand side of FIG. 9. The levitation generator 410 is positioned betweenlevitation generator couplers 740. The levitation generator couplers 740are coupled to levitation generator 410 by a coupling device 741. Thecoupling device 741 as illustrated is a bolt that extends through thelevitation generator couplers 741 and levitation generator 410.Additionally, two wheels 450 are illustrated. The two wheels 450 areconfigured to contact a top portion of the two lifting members 420. Asdescribed above, the two wheels 450 contact the top portion of the twolifting members 420 when not enough lifting force is supplied, forexample at low speed. As illustrated, the two wheels 450 are coupled tothe levitation generator 410. In at least one embodiment, a single wheelcan be implemented. Furthermore, the configuration as illustrated can bethe same for each of the levitation generators 410 or the configurationcan be different.

As illustrated, two lifting members 420 are shown. The two liftingmembers 420 are configured so as to allow at least a portion of thelevitation generator 410 to pass therethrough. Additionally, a bottompiece 421 can be provided so as to bridge the space between the twolifting members 420. As illustrated the levitation generator 410 iscentered laterally within the two lifting members 420, such that adistance 1110 separates the levitation generator 410 from the liftingmembers 420. During operation, the distance 1110 on the left side andthe right side of the levitation generator 410 can change to some extentas needed. As shown the two lifting members 420 form a track. The trackcan be considered substantially rectangular in cross-section. The trackas illustrated has three sides (formed by the outer right lifting member422, inner right lifting member 424, and the bottom piece 421) such thatthe top side is exposed to allow the levitation generator 410 to passtherethrough. While only one track is shown in FIG. 9, any number oftracks can have the same cross-sectional configuration. For example,when there are two tracks such as the one illustrated in FIG. 3, each ofthe two tracks can have similar cross-sections. In other embodiments,the track can be formed from a single lifting member.

The levitation generator 410 as illustrated includes at least oneelongate magnetic pole 1102, 1104. As shown, there are two elongatemagnetic poles 1102, 1104. In other embodiments, more than two elongatemagnetic poles 1102, 1104 can be implemented as well. Further examplesof the elongate magnetic poles 1102, 1104 are provided below.

FIG. 10 is an illustrative example of a magnetic pole 1102, 1104 withinan exemplary levitation generator 410, and the magnetic flux 1160produced therefrom interacting with an exemplary levitation member 420.As illustrated, there are two elongate magnetic sources 1102, 1104. Theupper elongate magnetic source 1102 has been labeled to indicate thedimensions as used herein. The upper elongate magnetic source 1102 has alength 1130 that is its largest dimension. The upper elongate magneticsource 1102 also has a width 1140 and a height 1150. As illustrated theelongate magnetic source 1130 has a length that is substantially largerthan either the height 1150 or the width 1140. In at least oneembodiment such as the one illustrated, the upper elongate magneticsource 1102 can have a north pole 1103 on the left side and a south pole1105 on the right side (line 1101 indicates the separation of the twopoles). The lower elongate magnetic source 1104 can have a south pole1113 on the left side and a north pole 1115 on the right side (line 1111indicates the separation of the two poles). When the poles are orientedas described, the flux lines 1160 are generated by the magnetic sources1102, 1104. In other embodiments, only a single magnetic source can bepresent. In yet other embodiments, the pole orientation can be reversedas to what has been described above.

Additionally as illustrated, the at least one levitation generator 410has at least one magnetic pole surface 1102, 1104. The at least onemagnetic pole surface 1102, 1104 generates a lifting flux field 1160 andat least a portion of the lifting member 420 intersects the flux field1160 from the levitation generator 410. The levitation generator 410 cancause an electrical eddy current to form within at least a portion ofthe lifting member 420, in the event the at least one levitationgenerator 410 moves relative to the at least one lifting member 420. Inat least one embodiment, the lifting force can be dependent upon thelength 1130 of the at least one elongate magnetic pole 1102, 1104relative to the width 1140 and the height 1150 of the elongate magneticpole 1102, 1104, wherein the lifting force increases as the length 1130is greater as compared to the width 1140 and height 1150. Thus, when thelength of the elongate magnetic pole 1102, 1104 is increased for a givenwidth 1140 and height 1150, the lifting force is increased. In at leastone embodiment, decreasing the width 1140 and height 1150 relative to agiven length does not result in an increased lifting force.

The levitation generator 410, as illustrated in FIG. 10 can be shaped asa cuboid member. In other embodiments, the levitation generator 410 cantake on other shapes such that it is an irregular shape but has adimension that is greater in the length than the width or height. In theillustrated embodiment, the cuboid member can be configured to bemagnetically coupled with the lifting member 420. Furthermore, thecuboid member can have at least one magnetic pole 1102, 1104 configuredto generate a lifting flux field 1160 for intersecting at least aportion of the lifting member 420.

The lifting flux field 1160 generated by the elongate magnetic pole1102, 1104, as it moves in relation to the lifting member 420,penetrates and extends beyond the lifting member 420 as shown. Thislifting flux field 1160 is dependent upon a variety of factors as willbe explained below in relation to FIGS. 11A and 11B.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are illustrative examples of a levitation generator410 and one or more elongate magnetic poles 1102, 1104. In FIG. 11A, alevitation generator 410 having two elongate magnetic poles 1102, 1104is illustrated. As shown, there is an upper elongate magnetic pole 1102and a lower elongate magnetic pole 1104. The upper elongate magneticpole 1102 and lower elongate magnetic pole 1104 include a plurality ofmagnetic elements 1161. The plurality of magnetic elements 1161 arearranged so as to form the elongate magnetic pole. As shown, theplurality of magnetic elements 1161 is arranged in a row. In otherembodiments, the magnetic elements 1161 can be arranged in a curvilineararray or other shape.

In order to provide a clearer diagram, FIG. 11B has been provided toshow a single elongate magnetic pole 1102, but both elongate magneticpoles 1102, 1104 would function in similar fashion. The levitationgenerator 410 (illustrated in FIG. 11A) can cause an electrical eddycurrent to form within at least a portion of the at least one liftingmember 420 when the levitation generator 410 moves relative to thelifting member 420. The relative motion of the levitation generator 410can be caused by the drive generator 510 (shown in FIG. 5) and drivemember 520 (shown in FIG. 5) as described herein. The electrical eddycurrent can be dependent upon an angle (a) between a direction velocityvector V_(TRAVEL) representing a direction of motion of the at least onelevitation generator 410 relative to the at least one lifting member 420and the axis 1220 of at least one magnetic pole 1102 of the levitationgenerator 410. The levitation generator 410 produces a lifting force(F_(L)) that is dependent upon the relative velocity between thelevitation generator 410 and corresponding lifting member 420. In atleast one embodiment, the lifting force (F_(L)) that is produced can beindependent of the relative position of the levitation generator 410relative to the lifting member 420. For example, as the levitationgenerator 410 rises with respect to the lifting member 420, the liftingforce (F_(L)) can remain constant. In another example as the levitationgenerator 410 laterally approaches the lifting member 420, the liftingforce (F_(L)) can remain constant.

As illustrated in FIG. 11B, the elongate magnetic pole 1102 is shown inrelation to a lifting member 420. As shown the elongate magnetic pole1102 moves with a velocity (V_(TRAVEL)) in the direction of travel. Thenormal velocity (V_(N)) of the elongate magnetic pole 1102 can becalculated as V_(N)=sin(α)*V_(TRAVEL), where a is the angle formedbetween the travel direction and long axis 1220 of the elongate magneticpole 1102. For a given configuration of the elongate magnetic pole 1102,it is possible to derive a normal velocity constant K_(FN) and peakvelocity V_(PEAK). Once the values of K_(FN) and V_(PEAK) are known, itis possible to determine the normal force (F_(N)) using the followingformula, F_(N)=K_(FN)*(V_(N)*V_(PEAK))/(V_(N){circumflex over( )}2+V_(PEAK){circumflex over ( )}2). Once the normal force (F_(N)) hasbeen calculated it is possible to determine the lifting force (F_(L))and drag force (F_(N)) using the following formulas: F_(L)=cos(α)*F_(N);F_(D)=sin(α)*F_(N). Under some typical operating conditions, the valueof angle α is small so F_(L) approaches F_(N), while F_(D) is a smallfraction of F_(N). Also under some typical operating conditions, thevalues of V_(N) is much less than the value of V_(PEAK) so F_(N) isapproximately, K_(FN)*V_(N), F_(L) is approximatelycos(α)*sin(α)*K_(FN)*V_(TRAVEL), and F_(D) is approximatelysin(α)*sin(α)*K_(FN)*V_(TRAVEL). Thus, it can be understood that a lowangle of attack (α) increases the lift-to-drag ratio.

In view of the forgoing formulas, the following statements can apply.When the elongate magnetic pole 1102, 1104 is oriented at an anglerelative to the direction of relative motion a normal force component isgenerated in a direction normal to the direction of relative motion.This normal force, F_(N), has components in the lifting direction,F_(L), and in the drag direction, F_(D). F_(L) is cos(α)*F_(N) and attypical low values of α is very close to F_(N). F_(D) is sin(α)*F_(N)and is typically a small fraction of F_(N). Additionally, the angle (a)can be a predetermined angle based on a magnetic force versus normalvelocity constant K_(FN), the relative velocity between the levitationgenerator 410 and the lifting member 420, and the lifting forcerequired. In another embodiment, the angle is a variable angle based onmagnetic force versus normal velocity constant K_(FN), the relativevelocity between the at least one levitation generator 410 and the atleast one lifting member 420, and the lifting force required. Thelifting force can be dependent upon the velocity (V_(TRAVEL)) of theelongate magnetic pole 1102, 1104 relative to the at least one liftingmember 420, wherein a higher velocity (V_(TRAVEL)) produces greater lift(F_(L)).

FIG. 12 is another illustrative example of an alternative levitationgenerator 1310 and a corresponding levitation member 420 according to anexemplary embodiment. The levitation generator 1310 differs from theabove described levitation generators in that it is configured as afemale arrangement in relation to the lifting member 420 in comparisonto the above described levitation generators which were maleconfigurations. In the female levitation generator 1310, the liftingmember 420 is configured to be inserted between two sides of thelevitation generator 1310. The levitation generator 1310 can have twoelongate magnetic poles 1312 that operate in a similar fashion as theones described above. In the female configuration, the levitationgenerator 1310 produces forces by passing the magnetic flux through thelifting member 420 to the other part of the levitation generator 1310.Implementing the female levitation generator 1310 can result in higherlevels of magnetic flux density through the lifting member and anincreased levitation force as compared with a male levitation generator.

As illustrated the female levitation generator 1310 moves in traveldirection 1320. The female levitation generator 1310 like the malelevitation generators as described above can be oriented at an angle (β)to produce the lifting forces in a similar way as described above. Asillustrated angle (β) is formed between the axis of the femalelevitation generator 1310 and the direction of travel 1320.

FIG. 13 is an illustrative example of the levitation generator 1310 andthe corresponding lifting member 420 of FIG. 12 wherein a firstlevitation generator 1310 is coupled to a second levitation generator1330 by an articulation joint 1340. In at least one embodiment, at leasta portion of the plurality of levitation generators 1310, 1330 can becoupled to one another via at least one articulation joint 1340. Asindicated above, the levitation generator 1310 causes electrical eddycurrent to form within at least a portion of the lifting member 420, inthe event the at least one levitation generator 1310 moves relative tothe at least one lifting member 420. The electrical eddy current can bedependent upon an angle (β) between a direction vector 1320 representinga direction of motion of the levitation generator 1310 relative to thelifting member 420 and the axis 1312 of at least one magnetic polesurface of the levitation generator 1310. The eddy current is furtherdependent upon a degree of articulation of the articulation joint 1340.While the articulation joint 1340 has been illustrated with respect tothe female levitation generator 1310, the articulation joint 1340 can beimplemented with any of the above described levitation generators,including the male levitation generators. Additionally, while only asingle female levitation generator 1310 has been illustrated, in atleast one embodiment a plurality of female levitation generators 1310can be implemented. In yet other embodiments, one or more of the femalelevitation generators 1310 can be implemented in conjunction with one ormore male levitation generators 410. As illustrated there is an angle(θ) formed between the two end adjoining surfaces of the firstlevitation generator 1310 and the second levitation generator 1330. Theangle (θ) can be controlled by the amount that the at least onearticulation joint 1340 allows for motion of the first levitationgenerator 1310 relative to the second levitation generator 1330.

FIG. 14 is an exemplary arrangement of a plurality of magnetic elements1420 in a block 1400. While block 1400 is illustrated in FIG. 14, thearrangement of the magnetic elements 1420 can be implemented withrespect to any one of the above described arrangement of magneticelements. As shown, there are two rows 1422, 1424 of magnetic elements.Each of the two rows 1422, 1424 of magnetic elements can be arrangedsuch that each magnetic element 1420 in a row has the same pole exposedon the exterior surface. In at least one embodiment, the magneticelements 1420 can be arranged on a backing member 1410. The backingmember 1410 can be made of a different material from the magneticelements. In at least one embodiment, the backing member 1410 allows formagnetic flux to pass therethrough. Additionally, a magnetically inertspacer 1440 can be provided to space the first row from the second row.The magnetic flux lines 1430 are shown for illustrative purposes and cantake other shapes.

FIG. 15 is an exemplary pi magnetic arrangement for cooperation with oneof the drive generators 510 (shown in FIG. 5) as presented herein. Thepi magnetic element 1520 is designed to fit within a slot 1510 formed inblock 1500. The slot 1510 can be shaped to allow for removal of the pimagnetic element 1520. The pi magnetic element 1520 has two protrudingmembers 1522 and 1524 each of the protruding members 1522, 1524 can havea different pole assorted therewith. The pi magnetic element arrangementas presented in FIG. 15 can be implemented with any of the abovearrangements requiring magnetic elements.

As indicated herein, the present disclosure contemplates the use ofcontrollers. The controllers can implement one or more processorscapable of executing instructions that are stored on media. Exampleswithin the scope of the present disclosure may also include tangibleand/or non-transitory computer-readable storage media for carrying orhaving computer-executable instructions or data structures storedthereon. Such non-transitory computer-readable storage media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer, including the functional design of any special purposeprocessor as discussed above. By way of example, and not limitation,such non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM,EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used tocarry or store desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions, data structures, or processor chipdesign. When information is transferred or provided over a network oranother communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, orcombination thereof) to a computer, the computer properly views theconnection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of the computer-readable media.

Computer-executable instructions include, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function orgroup of functions. Computer-executable instructions also includeprogram modules that are executed by computers in stand-alone or networkenvironments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs,components, data structures, objects, and the functions inherent in thedesign of special-purpose processors, etc. that perform particular tasksor implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executableinstructions, associated data structures, and program modules representexamples of the program code means for executing steps of the methodsdisclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executableinstructions or associated data structures represents examples ofcorresponding acts for implementing the functions described in suchsteps.

The various embodiments described above are provided by way ofillustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of thedisclosure. For example, the principles herein apply not only to atransport system but can implement one or more of the components of thetechnology with other systems. Those skilled in the art will readilyrecognize various modifications and changes that may be made to theprinciples described herein without following the example embodimentsand applications illustrated and described herein, and without departingfrom the scope of the disclosure.

1. (canceled)
 2. A levitation generator comprising: a member having atleast one elongate magnetic pole configured to generate a lifting fluxfield for intersecting at least a portion of a lifting member of aguideway; the at least one elongate magnetic pole is oriented at anangle relative to the direction of relative motion of the levitationgenerator to the lifting member, such that a lifting force component isgenerated in a direction normal to the direction of relative motion;wherein the angle is based on a required lifting force and a relativevelocity between the levitation generator and the lifting member;wherein the lifting force is dependent upon the velocity of the at leastone elongate magnetic pole relative to the lifting member, wherein ahigher velocity produces greater lift.
 3. The levitation generator asrecited in claim 2, wherein the at least one magnetic pole comprises aplurality of magnetic sources.
 4. The levitation generator as recited inclaim 2, wherein the lifting flux field that is produced is independentof a relative position of the at least one levitation generator relativeto a corresponding lifting member.
 5. The levitation generator asrecited in claim 2, wherein the angle is a variable angle, which is alsobased on magnetic force versus normal velocity constant KFN.
 6. Thelevitation generator as recited in claim 2, wherein the lifting force isdependent upon a length of the at least one elongate magnetic polerelative to a given width and a given height of the elongate magneticpole, wherein the lifting force increases as the length is greater ascompared to the given width and height.
 7. The levitation generator asrecited in claim 2, wherein the at least one elongate magnetic polecomprises a plurality of magnetic elements arranged in a row.
 8. Thelevitation generator as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least oneelongate magnetic pole comprises two elongate magnetic poles and each ofthe two elongate magnetic poles comprises a plurality of magneticelements arranged in a row.